軟土地基分層注漿工法
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軟土分層注漿工法一(SRF)是針對上海軟土的特點來研究的，上海軟土從宏觀上來看，出現(xiàn)出松、軟、承載力低，顆粒細(xì)、塑性流動等特點，在這樣的軟土中注漿加固、用滲透注漿是不現(xiàn)實的，所以只能是劈裂注漿。SRF注漿工法正是適應(yīng)劈裂注漿所研制的一種新施工法，有關(guān)注漿設(shè)備、注漿材料、注漿工藝流程、各種注漿參數(shù)以及效果測試等是一門綜合性研究課題，以上海隧道施工技術(shù)研究所為主體，水電部上�？辈煸O(shè)計院、同濟大學(xué)、江南造船廠、上海第三分析儀器廠等單位協(xié)作，結(jié)合試點工程共同完成，并于1987年通過市級技術(shù)鑒定。該注漿技術(shù)具有較好的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟效果，它不僅適用于上海軟土的注漿加固，而且也適用于其他復(fù)雜地層注漿加固，該項技術(shù)成果榮獲1988年上海市科學(xué)技術(shù)進步一等獎，1989年國家科學(xué)技術(shù)進步三等獎。
1 特點
1.1 SRF工法適用范圍較廣，既可適用于滲透性較好的砂層，又可適用于滲透性較差的粘土。
1.2該工法所采用的施工設(shè)備體積小巧，適用于市區(qū)較狹小的施工場所。在施工中，鉆孔和注漿可以交錯作業(yè)，鉆機和注漿泵等設(shè)備都能最大限度地發(fā)揮其工作效能，有利于提高工效。
1.3分層注漿可以根據(jù)土層的不同層次和程度，按加固的不同要求區(qū)別對待，并且可以反復(fù)地進行注漿。
1.4配有高性能的專用液壓注漿泵，注漿流量自0～50L／min可以任意調(diào)節(jié)，注漿最高壓力可以事先設(shè)定。
1.5配有壓力、流量自動記錄儀，能對注漿的過程進行監(jiān)控，并且可將監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)貯存，打印繪制圖表。
1.6配有高性能的雙頭密封注漿芯管，可以分別注入水泥漿液和化學(xué)漿液。
2 適用范圍
SRF工法不僅適用于各類砂土，而且也用作處理淤泥質(zhì)粘土、粉質(zhì)粘土、粘土和一般填土層。
SRF工法可用于配合盾構(gòu)和頂管推進進行跟蹤注漿，能夠有效地控制地面沉降，保護因沉降而引起損害的建筑物和地下管線，亦可應(yīng)用于深基坑周圍的土體加固、建筑物的基礎(chǔ)加固，機場跑道的充填注漿加固、對基坑和隧道進行堵漏的注漿加固和穩(wěn)定邊坡的注漿加固等工程。
3 原理
SRF工法主要是利用漿液在壓力作用下，似利斧劈入土層，漿液在劈入土層過程中，并不與土體混合，而是以二相存在，同時產(chǎn)生充填效應(yīng)、擠壓效應(yīng)、擴散效應(yīng)、骨架效應(yīng)和離子效應(yīng)等，達(dá)到注漿加固土層的效果。
4 施工順序和工藝流程
4.1施工順序見圖1。
Soft layered Grouting Construction Method
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Soft soil layer Grouting Construction Method 1 (SRF) is for Shanghai to study the characteristics of soft soil, the Shanghai soft soil from a macro point of view, appear out of loose, soft, low bearing capacity and smaller size, plastic flow characteristics, such soft soil reinforcement, use of permeation grouting is unrealistic, it can only be split grouting. SRF Grouting method is developed to adapt to split grouting the construction of a new method, the grouting equipment, grouting materials, grouting process, a variety of grouting parameters and test results is a comprehensive research project , Research Institute of Shanghai as the main tunnel, the Department of Shanghai Water Survey and Design Institute, Tongji University, Jiangnan Shipyard, Shanghai No. 3 Analytical Instrument Factory and other units of collaboration, combined with a common pilot project completed in 1987 by municipal technical appraisal . The grouting technique has better technical and economic effect, it applies not only to Shanghai soft soil reinforcement, but also for other complex strata reinforcement, the results of the technology won the 1988 Shanghai Science and Technology Progress Award 1989 National Science and Technology Progress Award.
1 Features
1.1 SRF engineering methods broader scope of application can apply to permeable sand, but also applicable to poor permeability of the clay.
1.2 The construction method used in compact construction equipment, suitable for small construction sites than urban. In construction, drilling and grouting operations can be staggered, drilling and injection pump and other equipment can maximize the effectiveness of its work will help improve work efficiency.
1.3 Hierarchical grouting at different levels according to soil and extent of the different requirements by reinforcing discrimination and grouting can be carried out repeatedly.
1.4 with a special high-performance hydraulic injection pump, injection flow rate from 0 ~ 50L/min can be adjusted, the maximum grouting pressure can be preset.
1.5 with the pressure, flow recorder, can monitor the process of grouting and monitoring data can be stored, printed charting.
1.6 Double sealed with high performance grouting core tube can be separately injected into the cement slurry and chemical slurry.
2 Scope
SRF construction method is applicable not only to all types of sand, silt, but also for the treatment of clay, silty clay, clay, and generally fill soil.
SRF working method can be used with the shield and pipe jacking Tuijin track grouting, can effectively control land subsidence, settlement and protection of Yin buildings and caused damage to underground pipelines, but also deep pit 周圍 Yingyong Yu, strengthening the soil, building the basis of reinforcement material, filling the runway grouting of tunnel excavation and grouting and plugging in the slope stability of grouting works.
3 Principles
SRF construction method is to use slurry under pressure, may benefit ax into the soil, slurry in the process of splitting into the soil is not mixed with the soil, but in the second phase exists, while producing filling effect, squeeze effect, diffusion effect, frame effects, and ion effects, etc., to the effect of grouting soil.
4 construction sequence and processes
4.1 Construction sequence shown in Figure 1.

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