模板坍塌事故應(yīng)急預(yù)案的編制

 提要：本文從一起模板坍塌事故分析入手，闡述了扣件式鋼管模板支撐體系坍塌事故發(fā)生的原因，以及預(yù)防措施，同時(shí)對(duì)模板坍塌事故應(yīng)急預(yù)案的編制作了簡要的分析（本報(bào)有刪節(jié)）。
    模板坍塌事故是建筑施工中極易引發(fā)群體傷亡的危險(xiǎn)源之一。2000年某月，上海市某正在澆筑混凝土的鍋爐房工程屋面平臺(tái)突然發(fā)生坍塌事故，造成11人死亡、2人重傷、1人輕傷，直接經(jīng)濟(jì)損失達(dá)257.5萬元。事故的技術(shù)原因主要是：屋面設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)高較大，支撐豎向高度較大，水平間距明顯過大，沒有設(shè)置連續(xù)的豎向和水平剪刀撐，導(dǎo)致支撐系統(tǒng)整體性極差，即沒有形成可靠的空間受力結(jié)構(gòu)。在未計(jì)入施工中泵送砼直接對(duì)模板支撐的沖擊力時(shí)，支撐立桿受力大大超過設(shè)計(jì)強(qiáng)度值和屈服強(qiáng)度值。
    在我國，扣件式鋼管模板支撐架是建筑施工中常用的支模方式，但缺少相對(duì)應(yīng)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，使現(xiàn)有的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算存在著不確定、不安全的因素，為預(yù)防模板坍塌事故的發(fā)生，有必要建立相應(yīng)的應(yīng)急預(yù)案。
    應(yīng)急預(yù)案的基本要求是要有針對(duì)性和實(shí)用性：即確定最不利狀態(tài)，進(jìn)行科學(xué)的計(jì)算和分析；繪制預(yù)案實(shí)施網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖；應(yīng)隨施工情況的變化而及時(shí)修訂。
    由于模板支撐架坍塌發(fā)生后，施工人員常發(fā)生因異物吸入造成呼吸功能衰竭而死亡。本文案例11
Collapse accident emergency response plan

 Abstract: This article from the start with the collapse accident analysis, described fastening steel pipe support system collapse cause of the accident, as well as preventive measures, while collapse accident emergency response plan of a brief analysis of (this newspaper has abridged) .
    Collapse accident is apt to give rise building construction in the source of the risk of injury groups. 2000 a month, Shanghai is pouring concrete in a boiler room roof platform works suddenly collapse, leaving 11 people dead, 2 seriously injured, one person slightly injured, the direct economic losses of 2.575 million yuan. Accident technical reasons mainly: large elevation roof design, support a greater vertical height, horizontal distance clearly too large, do not set the continuous vertical and horizontal scissors, resulting in overall poor support system, which does not form a reliable space force structure. Not included in the construction of pumping concrete supported direct impact on the template, the support pole force greatly exceeded the design strength value and the yield strength values.
    In China, the fastening steel pipe support frame is commonly used in construction formwork way, but the lack of corresponding design and calculation criteria, so that there is an existing design and calculation of uncertainty, insecurity, for the prevention of collapse accident occurrence, it is necessary to establish the appropriate contingency plans.
    The basic requirements for emergency plans to have specific and practical: to determine the most unfavorable conditions for scientific calculation and analysis; draw plans for implementation of the network graph; should change with the construction of a timely amendment.
    As the template support frame after the collapse, construction workers caused by foreign body aspiration often occurs due to respiratory failure and death. This case 11
 

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